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Flood insurance primarily protects against flood-related damages to physical structures, specifically buildings that may be partially or completely submerged by water as a result of rising waters from sources such as rivers, lakes, or heavy rainfall. The primary focus of flood insurance is to cover losses associated with water inundation, so it is particularly relevant for properties that are at risk of flooding.

The distinction in coverage is crucial; flood insurance is designed to address the risks and damages that are unique to flooding incidents, which are often not covered under standard property insurance policies. Unlike fire damage, theft, or earthquake damage — which are covered by different types of insurance — flood insurance is specific to events that can lead to substantial water damage.

This type of insurance often covers buildings and personal property, ensuring that homeowners and businesses can recover financially from significant flooding events. Therefore, the correct answer underscores the purpose of flood insurance in providing protection against flooding that affects buildings, indicating that it is aimed at structures rather than issues like theft or fires.